Nutrigenetics –the study for future personalized nutrition –
There is a study area called “nutrigenetics” that examine the effects of bioactive compounds from food on gene expression 2. It deals with the relation between nutrients, gene expressions and disease. Normally, food is made up of vast amount of chemicals which trigger various types of gene expressions that cause or prevent diseases. Therefore, those researches may well explain the genetic basis of interindividual differences in response to the same nutritional intakes 3. Many researchers are trying to unlock the secret of metabolic mechanism so that they may well produce personalized nutrition aiming for optimal health.
Figure1. The `smart` combination of molecular nutrition and nutrigenetics
As table 1 show below, some effective nutrients which impact on gene expressions have already reported such as folate which contributes DNA methylation. DNA methylation has been seen to be essential for the long-term inactivation of genes 1. These nutrigenetic researches are closely related to the famous notion, epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to the processes that regulate how and when certain genes are turned on and off, while epigonetics pertains to analysis of epigenetic changes in a cell or entire organisms 3. Epigenetic process is critical in the way that it may well be a breakthrough for the approach toward generate new medicine for prevention or curing disease.
Table1. Mode of action of nutrients on gene expression
Within the board range of study in nutrigenetics, the new research on Vitamin E was reported in 21th July 2011 by Dorrelyn et al. In their research, it was revealed that Vitamin E succinate (VES) targets surviving signaling and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells 4. They demonstrated that VES inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and modulates the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) 4.
Figure2. The morphology of COLO-357 cells treated with 40 and 80 μl VES after 24 h
Figure3. DNA fragmentation at 40 and 80 μl VES treatment for 24 h
Figure4. Apoptosis was determined
As figure 2, 3 and 4 show above, these data indicate that VES-induced growth inhibition in COLO-357 is due to apoptosis. In fact, this research group had read other group’s research paper which said pancreatic cell lines are insensitive to VES. However, they found out the earlier study used too low concentration of VES, 1 μl. Therefore they planned their research by their own way and discovered the property. They said their additional studies in their laboratory are directed toward mechanistic insights into VES action.
In this way, a lot of researches on nutrigenetics are being made throughout the world. Michael et al. claims that “Nevertheless, in the long term, these fields of endeavour may be the only way to optimise nutrition for optimal effects on health, wellness, and a slowing of the deterioration associated with the aging process 3.” It seems that the field of nutrigenetics will keep growing as hot scientific study in the future.
Reference list
1. Campbell NA, Reece JB, Meyers N, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Miorsky RV and Jackson, RB (2009). Biology 8th ed. Australian version. Pearson Education, Sydney.
2. Evans DA, Hirsch JB, Dushekov S (2006). Phenolics, inflammation and nutrigenomics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 86 (15) p2503-2509.
Viewed 28th August < http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.2702/full>
3. Fenech M, El-Sohemy A, Cahill L, Ferguso LR, French TC, Tai ES, Milner J, Koh WP, Xie L, Zucker M, Buckley M, Cosgrove L, Lockett T, Fung, KY, and Head, R (2011). Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Viewpoints on the Current Status and Applications in Nutrition Research and Practice. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 4 (2), p69-89. Viewed 28thAugust <http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ArtikelNr=327772&Ausgabe=255288&ProduktNr=232009&filename=327772.pdf>
4. Patacsil D, Osayi S, Tran AT, Saenz F, Yimer L, Shajahan AN, Gokhale PC, Verma M, Clarke R, Chauhan SC, and Kumar, D. (2011) Vitamin E succinate inhibits surviving and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Genes & Nutrition 6. Viewed 28th August < http://www.springerlink.com/content/l5552mv34158v06m/fulltext.pdf>
Tables and Figures
Figure 1
Müller M, and Kersoten, S(2003). Nutrigenomics: goals and strategies. Nature Reviews Genetics. 4: p315-322
Viewed 28th August < http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v4/n4/full/nrg1047.html>
Figure 2, 3 and 4
Patacsil D, Osayi S, Tran AT, Saenz F, Yimer L, Shajahan AN, Gokhale PC, Verma M, Clarke R, Chauhan SC, and Kumar, D. (2011) Vitamin E succinate inhibits surviving and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Genes & Nutrition 6. Viewed 28th August < http://www.springerlink.com/content/l5552mv34158v06m/fulltext.pdf>
Table 1
Evans DA, Hirsch JB, Dushekov S (2006). Phenolics, inflammation and nutrigenomics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 86 (15) p2503-2509.
Vi ewed 28th August < http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.2702/full >
BIOL1020のアサイメント。最近の遺伝学に関する自分の興味のある分野をコースが設置したbloggerに載せるというもの。他の学生の投稿も見れてより面白い。
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